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 Imagine a chart that begins when man first appeared on the planet and tracks the economic growth of societies from then forward. It would be a long, flat line until the late 16th or early 17th century, when it would start trending upward. For most of humankind life was as the English philosopher Thomas Hobbes famously described it in 1651 "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short." But as Hobbes was writing those words, the world around him was changing. Put simply, human beings were getting smarter.
  People have always sought knowledge. The scientific revolution, followed by the Enlightenment, marked a fundamental shift. Humans were no longer searching for ways simply to fit into a natural or divine order; but they were seeking to change it. Once people found ways to harness energy--using steam engines--they were able to build machines that harnessed far more power than any human or horse could ever do. And people could work without ever getting tired. The rise of these machines drove the Industrial Revolution, and created a whole new system of life. Today the search for knowledge continues to produce an ongoing revolution in the health and wealth of humankind.
  If the rise of science marks the first great trend in this story, the second is its diffusion, what was happening in Britain during the Industrial Revolution was not an isolated phenomenon. A succession of visitors to Britain would go back to report to their countries on the technological and commercial innovations they saw there. Sometimes societies were able to learn extremely fast, as in the United States. Others, like Germany, was benefited from starting late leapfrogging the long-drawn-out process that Britain went through.
This diffusion of knowledge accelerated dramatically in recent decades. Over the last 30 years we have watched countries like Japan, Singapore, South Korea and now China grow at a pace that is three times that of Britain or the United States at the peak of the Industrial Revolution. They have been able to do this because of their energies and exertions, of course, but also because they cleverly and perhaps luckily adopted certain ideas about development that had worked in the West--reasonably free markets, open trade, a focus on science and technology, among them.
  The diffusion of knowledge is the dominant trend of our time and goes well beyond the purely scientific.Consider the cases of Turkey and Brazil. If you had asked an economist 20 years ago how to think about these two countries, he would have explained that they were classic basket-case, Third World economies, with triple-digit inflation, soaring debt burdens, a weak private sector and snail's-pace growth. Today they are both remarkably well managed, with inflation in single digits and growth above 5 percent. And this shift is happening around the world.From Thailand to South Africa to Slovakia to Mexico, countries are far better managed economically than they have ever been. Even in cases where political constraints make it difficult to push far-reaching reforms, as in Brazil, Mexico or India, governments still manage their affairs sensibly, observing the Hippocratic oath not to do any harm.
  We are sometimes reluctant to believe in progress. But the evidence is unmistakable. The management of major economies has gotten markedly better in the last few years. Careful monetary policy has tempered the boom-and-bust economic cycles of the industrial world, producing milder recessions and fewer shocks. Every day one reads of a new study comparing nations in everything from Interact penetration to inflation. All these studies and lists are symbols of a learning process that is accelerating, reinforcing the lessons of success and failure. Call it a best-practice world.
  I realize that the world I am describing is the world of the winners. There are billions of people, locked outside global markets, whose lives are still accurately described by Hobbes's cruel phrase. But even here; there is change. The recognition of global inequalities is more marked today than ever before, and this learning is forcing action. There is more money being spent on vaccines and cures for diseases in Africa and Asia today than ever before in history. Foreign-aid programs face constant scrutiny and analysis. When things don't work, we learn that, too, and it puts a focus either on the aid program or on local governments to improve.
  This may sound overly optimistic. There are losers in every race, but let not the worries over who is winning and losing the knowledge race obscure the more powerful underlying dynamic: knowledge is liberating. It creates the possibility for change and improvement everywhere. It can create amazing devices and techniques, save lives, improve living standards and spread information. Some will do well on one measure, others on another. But on the whole, a knowledge-based world will be a healthier and richer world.
  The caveat I would make is not about one or another country's paucity of engineers or computers. These problems can be solved. But knowledge is not the same thing as wisdom. Knowledge can produce equally powerful ways to destroy life, intentionally and unintentionally. It can produce hate and seek destruction. Knowledge does not by itself bring any answer to the ancient Greek question "What is a Good Life?" It does not produce good sense, courage, generosity and tolerance. And most crucially, it does not produce the farsightedness that will allow us all to live together---and grow together--on this world without causing war, chaos and catastrophe. For that we need wisdom.

It can be inferred that during the Enlightenment, people in Western Europe ___

A.were looking for better ways of seeking knowledge
B.were not satisfied with their past achievements
C.were trying to fit into the natural environment
D.were tired of working

参考答案B
解析:

第一段指出如果从人类首次在地球上出现开始画一条曲线,追踪在此之后人类社会的经济发展轨迹,那么会发现在16-世纪晚期或l7世纪初期之前,它是一条平稳的线条,之后,这条线才开始上扬。这说明人类正变得越来越聪明。
第二段指出,如今对知识的探寻继续给人类的健康和财富领域带来一场持续不断的革命。
第三、四、五段围绕着科学知识的传播展开论述,指出近几十年来,知识的传播速度大大加快。知识的传播已经成为我们这个时代的主流,远远超越了单纯的科技领域。
第六段指出对科学知识的不断加速的学习过程,强化了成功的经验和失败的教训。这是一个崇尚最佳实践方法的世界。
第七段指出,如今人们比过去更清楚地认识到了全球不平等的现状,而且这种认识正促使人们采取行动。
第八段指出,知识让变革和改进在每个地方都成为可能。它可以创造出令人惊叹的设备和技术,拯救生命、改善生活水准、传播信息。
最后一段指出知识不能产生明智、勇气、慷慨和宽容。最重要的是,它不能产生可以让我们在这个世界上共同生活和发展而不引发战争、混乱和灾难的远见。要想做到这一点,我们需要的是智慧。
试题解析
B。本题的出题点在转折处(but)。第二段第三句指出,在启蒙运动时期,西欧国家的人不再满足于适应自然环境,而是寻找改变它的方法,可见他们对于以往取得的成就并不满足,故B正确。C、D与原文内容相反,A原文未提及。

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