A．Washington Irving                         
B．James Fermimore Cooper
C．Nathaniel Hawthorne                       
D．Herman Melville

A．language's function of the expression of identity 
B．social interaction of language   
C．language's function of expressing itself
D．sociological use of language

A．John Langshaw Austin
B．J．Firbas          
C．Herbert Paul Grice     
D．H．L．Smith