Whatcan be concluded about Jacques Offenbach?-考呗网题库移动版

单选题 Whatcan be concluded about Jacques Offenbach?

A．Hewas a French choreographer.
B．Hepreferred light-hearted musiC．
C．Heproduced works of more than one style.
D．Hewas interested in most of Hoffmann's stories.

参考答案C

解析: 本题的出题点在举例处(for example)。第九段第二句提到，法国作曲家Jacques Offenbach根据霍夫曼的三篇短篇小说谱写了一部严肃的作品《霍夫曼的故事》，这部作品与他以往轻松的风格大不相同，由此推断，他所作的曲子风格不止一种，所以c正确。Jacques是一位作曲家，并不是舞蹈编导，所以A项属于张冠李戴；作者并未表明Jacques更偏向于创作哪种风格的音乐，只是说在此之前他的音乐风格以轻松为主，故排除B；D项(他对大部分霍夫曼的故事都有兴趣)是以偏概全，在文中找不到充分的证据。

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单选题 According to the passage, the story of The Nutcracker is

A．tragic
B．amusing
C．weird
D．thought-provoking

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单选题回答题：
　　Researchers investigating brain size andmental ability say their work offers evidence that education protects the mindfrom the brain's physical deterioration.
　　It is known that the brain shrinks as thebody ages, but the effects on mental ability are different from person to person.Interestingly, in a study of elderly men and women, those who had moreeducation actually had more brain shrinkage.
　　"That may seem like bad news,"said study author Dr. Edward Coffey, a professor of psychiatry and of neurologyat Henry Ford Health System in Detroit. However, he explained, the findingsuggests that education allows people to withstand more brain-tissue lossbefore their mental functioning begins to break down.
　　The study, published in the July issue ofNeurology, is the first to provide biological evidence to support a conceptcalled the "reserve" hypothesis, according to the researchers. Inrecent years, investigators have developed the idea that people who are moreeducated have greater cognitive reserves to draw upon as the brain tissue to spare.
　　Examining brain scans of 320 healthy menand women ages 66 to 90, researchers found that for each year of education thesubjects had, there was greater shrinkage of the outer layer of the brain knownas the cortex. Yet on tests of cognition and memory, all participants scored inthe range indicating normal.
　　"Everyone has some degree of brainshrinkage," Coffey saiD．"People lose (on average) 2.5 percent perdecade starting in adulthood．"
　　There is, however, a "remarkablerange" of shrinkage among people who show no signs of mental decline, CoffeynoteD．Overall health, he said, accounts for some differences in brain size.Alcohol or drug use, as well as medical conditions such as diabetes and highblood pressure, contribute to brain-tissue loss throughout adulthood．
　　In the absence of such medical conditions,Coffey said, education level helps explain the range of brain shrinkageexhibited among the mentally-fit elderly. The more-educated can withstandgreater loss.
　　Coffey and colleagues gauged shrinkage ofthe cortex by measuring the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain. Thegreater the amount of fluid means the greater the cortical shrinkage.Controlling for the health factors that contribute to brain injury, theresearchers found that education was related to the severity of brainshrinkage. For each year of education from first grade on, subjects had anaverage of 1.77 milliliters more cerebrospinal fluid around the brain.
　　For example, Coffey's team reported, amongsubjects of the same sex and similar age and skull size, those with 16 years ofeducation had 8 percent to 10 percent more cerebrospinal fluid compared withthose Who had four years of schooling.
　　Of course, achieving a particulareducation level is not the definitive measure of someone's mental capacity. And, said Coffey, education can be "a proxy for many things".More-educated people, he noted, are often less likely to have habits, such assmoking, that harm overall health. But Coffey said that his team's findingssuggest that like the body, the brain benefits from exercise. "Thequestion is whether by continuing to exercise the brain we can forestall theeffects of (brain shrinkage)," he saiD．"My hunch is that wecan."
　　According to Coffey, people should strivethroughout life to keep their brains alert by exposing themselves to newexperiences. Traveling is one way to stimulate the brain, he said, a lessadventuresome way is to do crossword puzzles.
　　"A hot topic down the road,"Coffey said, will be whether education even late in life has a protectiveeffect against mental decline.
　　Just how education might affect brain cells is unknown. In their report, theresearchers speculated that in people with more education, certain brainstructures deeper than the cortex may stay intact to compensate for corticalshrinkage.
According to this passage, all of the following factors could account for brainshrinkage EXCEPT

A．mood
B．highblood pressure
C．alcohol
D．age

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单选题 Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

A．Brainshrinkage usually begins when a person is 66 years olD．
B．Thebrain of an adult person Shrinks 2.5% every 10 years.
C．Thecerebrospinal fluid of a person with more years of education may increase onlyslightly.
D．Thecerebrospinal fluid of a person can imply the severity of mental decline.

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