Questions are based on the following passage. The selfishness of hum-考呗网题库移动版

单选题Questions are based on the following passage.
The selfishness of humans is a central assumption of orthodox ( 传统的 ) economics, where it is thought to lead to benefits for the economy as a whole．It is what the 18th-century Scottish economist Adam Smith described as the " invisible hand"But evolutionary biologists have come to see cooperation and selflessness as a big part of our（36）as a species． During the course of our evolution, they point out, cooperative groups（37）outcompeted groups of cheats.
So we are inherently cooperative when operating within our own groups．We have also（38）
social mechanisms to reinforce actions that benefit the group．"You could say teamwork at the scale of small groups is the signature（39）of our species," says evolutionary biologist David Sloan Wilson from Binghamton University in New York.
But（40）teamwork can include a competition mechanism to promote actions that benefit the group, particularly in larger groups．It's also important to remember that in-group cooperation evolved partly in response to competition between groups.
This evolutionary perspective is radically new to economics, and it could be relevant to grand-scale economic problems that require solutions involving cooperation between nations．Take the challenge of getting nations to work together over economic solutions to climate change--a（41）focus in the run- up to climate negotiations in Paris, France, later this year．This is a gargantuan ( 巨大的 ) problem f~om any perspective, but it is（42）an issue of coordination for the sake of the common good at a massive scale, says Wilson．"The challenge is therefore to（43）at larger scales the coordination and control that takes place more spontaneously at smaller scales," he says--from multicellular( 多细胞的 ) organisms to village-sized groups of humans.
"Morality evolved out of cooperation within and competition between groups, so when acting as a single group to tackle global problems we will have to（44）the role of natural selection ourselves," Vrflson says．This might involve pursuing a wide variety of（45）, identifying those that work best, and then creating incenfives to cooperate on implementation．"In some ways it's the opposite of the invisible hand．"
A．adaptation
B．assume
C．compel
D．consistently
E．developed
F．effective
G．essentially
H．Implement
I．particular
J．promptly
K．remarkable
L．rumor
M．strategies
N．success
O．suspicion

第（36）题选

参考答案N

解析:分析

本文主要从进化生物学家的角度说明	第1段指出，经济学家们认为，自私的人性是推动经济发展的有利因素。但进化生物学家们却认为，人类的发展离不开合作与无私。
人类的发展离不开合作与无私，并以应	第2段说明在人类的发展过程中不仅继承了合作的精神，还发展出了许多有利于合作的社会机制。
对环境问题为例说	第3段提到，良好的合作并不排斥竞争，而是竞争与合作共存。
明了提倡相互协调和进行互助合作的重要性。	第4、5段引入了环境问题，说明虽然全球范围内的环境治理牵扯到了各个国家，是一个庞大而广泛的问题，但归根结底，每一个国家都可以被看作是一个个体，只有通过合作才能解决问题。。

选项归类
名词：A.adaptation适应L)rulnor谣传，传说M)strategies策略，战略N)Success成功0)suspicion怀疑，疑惑
动词：B.assuIne认定，假设C.compel迫使E)developed发展H)implement实施，贯彻形容词：F)effective有效的I)particular特别的，特殊的K)remarkable惊人的
副词：D.consistently一贯地G)essentially实质上，本质上J)promptly立即
详解
该空格位于物主代词our之后，由句子结构可以看出，空格是see sth．as sth．结构中的一部分，据此推断空格处应填入名词，充当介词as的宾语。文章开头提到，人性的自私被认为对经济发展很有好处，本句中的But点明了转折关系，进化生物学家与经济学家的观点不同，他们认为我们作为一个种族，合作与无私才能带来________，结合备选项A.adaptation“适应”，L)rulnor“谣传，传说”，M)strategies“策略，战略”，N)Success“成功”和0)suspicion“怀疑，疑惑”可知，答案为N)。其余选项均与上下文语义不符，故排除。

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本文主要从进化生物学家的角度说明	第1段指出，经济学家们认为，自私的人性是推动经济发展的有利因素。但进化生物学家们却认为，人类的发展离不开合作与无私。
人类的发展离不开合作与无私，并以应	第2段说明在人类的发展过程中不仅继承了合作的精神，还发展出了许多有利于合作的社会机制。
对环境问题为例说	第3段提到，良好的合作并不排斥竞争，而是竞争与合作共存。
明了提倡相互协调和进行互助合作的重要性。	第4、5段引入了环境问题，说明虽然全球范围内的环境治理牵扯到了各个国家，是一个庞大而广泛的问题，但归根结底，每一个国家都可以被看作是一个个体，只有通过合作才能解决问题。。

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