Questions are based on the following passage. The most important divi-考呗网题库移动版

单选题Questions are based on the following passage.
The most important divide in America today is class, not race, and the place where it matters most is in the home．Conservatives have been banging on about family breakdown for decades．Now one of the nation's most prominent liberal scholars has joined the chorus.
Robert Putnam is a former dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government and the author of Bowling Alone (2000), an influential work that lamented the decline of social capital in America, In his new book, Our Kids, he describes the growing gulf between how the rich and the poor raise their children．Among the educated elite the traditional family is thriving : fewer than 10% of births to female college graduates are outside marriage--a figure that is barely higher than it was in 1970．In 2007 among women with just a high-school education, by contrast, 65% of births were non-marital．Race makes a difference : only 2% of births to white college graduates are out-of-wedlock, compared with 80% among African-Americans with no more than a high-school education, but neither of these figures has changed much since the 1970s．However, the non-marital birth proportion among high-school-educated whites has quadrupled, to 50% , and the same figure for college-educated blacks has fallen by a third, to 25%．Thus the class divide is growing even as the racial gap is shrinking.
Upbringing affects opportunity.Upper-middle-class homes are not only richer(with two professional incomes ) and more stable; they are also more nurturing．In the 1970s, there were practically no class differences in the amount of time that parents spent talking, reading and playing with toddlers．Now the children of college-educated parents receive 50% more of what Mr．Putnam calls "Goodnight Moon" time (after a popular book for infants).
Working-class parents, who have less spare capacity, are more likely to demand that their kids simply obey them．In the short run this saves time; in the long run it prevents the kids from learning to organize their own lives or think for themselves．Poor parenting is thus a barrier to social mobility, and is becoming more so as the world grows more complex and the rewards for superior cognitive skills increase.
Stunningly, Mr．Putnam finds that family background is a better predictor of whether or not a child will graduate from university than 8th-gmde test scores．Kids in the richest quarter with low test scores are as likely to make it through college as kids in the poorest quarter with high scores.
Mr．Putnam suggests a grab-bag of policies to help poor kids reach their potential, such as raising subsidies for poor families, teaching them better parenting skills, improving nursery care and making after-school baseball clubs free．He urges all 50 states to experiment to find out what works．A problem this complex has no simple solution.
Which of the following statements is true according to Putnam's new book?

A．Marital birth rate almost keeps unchanged among college graduates.
B．Non-marital births have been decreasing among high-school graduates.
C．African-Americans have given birth to more non-marital children.
D．More high-school-educated whites have children before marriage.

参考答案A

解析:全文翻译
现如今，在美国最重要的差别是阶级，不是种族，而这种差别影响最大的地方是家庭。几十年来，保守派一直在抨击家庭的解体。而现在一位全国知名的自由派学者也加入了这种论调。
罗伯特·普特南是哈佛大学肯尼迪政府学院的前院长和《独自打保龄》(2000年)的作者，这是一部哀叹美国社会资本衰退的力著。在他的新书《我们的孩子》中，他描述了富人与穷人养育孩子方式之间不断扩大的差距。(56)在受过教育的精英之中，传统家庭正在蓬勃兴旺：受过高等教育的女子中只有不到l0％生育非婚生孩子，这个数字与20世纪70年代几乎不分伯仲。而相比之下，2007年高中教育水平的妇女所生育的孩子有65％为非婚生。不同种族情况也不同：受过高等教育的白人妇女只有2％生育非婚生子女，而在教育程度为高中以下的非裔美国妇女中这个数字则是80％，这些数据自20世纪70年代起就没有多大的变化：但是，高中教育程度的白人妇女之中，生育非婚生子女的比率增加了三倍，已达到50％，而高等教育程度的非洲裔美国妇女中，这一数字仅为原来的三分之一_25％。因此，阶层差异拉大了，而种族差异缩小了一
教养方式影响机遇。中上等阶层家庭不仅更加富裕(拥有两份专业人士的收入)，而且更加稳定，他们还更善于养育孩子。(57)20世纪70年代，父母与蹒跚学步的孩子一同聊天、阅读和玩耍的时间并不存在明显的阶级差距。现在父母受过高等教育的孩子比萁他阶层父母的孩子多获得50％普蒋鬲称之为“晚安月亮”的时间(根据一本畅销的婴儿图书命名)。(58)工薪阶层的父母，由于没有多少余力，更有可能只是要求孩子们单纯地服从。短期看来，这样做节省了时间；长期着泵，这样会妨碍孩子学习如何安排自己的生活，并且会妨碍孩子独立思考。因此，穷困父母的教养方式是社会流动的一个障碍，并且随着世界更加复杂和更偏重高层次的脑力技能，这种情况还会加剧。
(59)普特南先生还有一个惊人的发现，家庭背景比八年级测验分数更能准确地预测一个孩子是否能够从大学毕业。家庭经济条件在前四分之一阶层的孩子即使测验分数低也和冢夏荼件在后四分之一的高分孩子一样能普蒋南无生提出了一个一揽子政策，建议帮助穷困孩子发掘潜能，例如提高贫困家庭的补贴，教授他们更好的养育技巧，改善幼儿园看护，以及促使课后篮球俱乐部免费二他敦促50个州全部试行以找到最有效的方法。这样一个复杂的问题是不可能有简单的解决之道的：
定位：由题干中的Pumam’S new book定位到第二段第三句：Among the educated elite the traditional family is thnvul9：fewer than l0％of births to female college graduates are outside marriagure that is barely higher than it was in l970．
详解：事实细节题。第二段第三句提到，在受过教育的精英之中，传统家庭正在蓬勃兴旺：受过高等教育的女子中只有不到l0％生育非婚生孩子，这个数字与20世纪70年代几乎不分伯仲，换言之，在受过高等教育的女性中，婚内生子的比例在1970年到2007年间几乎没有变化，故答案为A.。B.“在高中毕业群体中，非婚生子女一直在减少”，文章只是在第二段第六句中提到高中教育程度的白人生育非婚生子女的情况增加了，故排除；C.“非裔美国人非婚生子女更多”，作者主要从不同教育阶层比较非婚生子女的比例，并没有整体比较白人和非裔美国人的非婚生子女情况，故排除；D.“更多高中教育程度的白人在婚前生子”，作者在本段第六句提到高中教育程度的白人非婚生子女率有所提高，这与婚前生子概念不同，因此D.与原文意思不符，故排除。

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单选题
"Goodnight Moon" time (Line 5, Para．3) refers to the time of_________

A．providing opportunity for kids
B．giving more nourishment to kids
C．being involved in the education of kids
D．reading popular books to infants

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单选题
We can infer that working-class parents

A．tend to be more strict with children
B．forbid kids to think independently
C．overlook changes of the society
D．need training for education methods

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单选题
What does Mr．Putnam's finding about test scores suggest?

A．Students from rich families don't need to study hard.
B．Parental education affects kids' academic results greatly.
C．Kids in poor families can hardly graduate from colleges.
D．Family background can make up for academic flaws.

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