Questions are based on the following passage. The Paris climate agree-考呗网题库移动版

单选题Questions are based on the following passage.
The Paris climate agreement finalised in December last year heralded a new era for climate action.For the first time, the world's nations agreed to keep global warming well below 2℃.
This is vital for climate-vulnerable nations. Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more than half of the world's greenhouse gas emissions. In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports, we reveal just how deep this injustice runs.
Developed nations such as Australia, the United States, Canada, and European countries are essentially climate "free-riders": causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions, while incurring few of the costs such as climate change's impact on food and water. In other words, a few countries are benefiting enormously from the consumption of fossil fuels, while at the same time contributing disproportionately to the global burden of climate change.
On the flip side, there are many "forced riders", who are suffering from the climate change impacts despite having scarcely contributed to the problem. Many of the world's most climatevulnerable countries, the majority of which are African or small island states, produce a very small quantity of emissions. This is much like a non-smoker getting cancer from second-hand smoke, while the heavy smoker is fortunate enough to smoke in good health.
The Paris agreement has been widely hailed as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all, although the details on addressing "climate justice" can be best described as sketchy.
The goal of keeping global temperature rise "well below" 2~C is commendable but the emissions-reduction pledges submitted by countries leading up to the Paris talks are very unlikely to deliver on this.
More than $100 billion in funding has been put on the table for supporting developing nations to reduce emissions. However, the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction between developed and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions, effectively ignoring historical emissions. There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or, importantly, who is responsible for their provision. Securing these funds, and establishing who is responsible for raising them will also be vital for the future of climate-vulnerable countries.
The most climate-vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating the global disease from which they now suffer the most. There must urgently be a meaningful mobilisation of the policies outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emissions reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change.
And it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high-emitting nations to decide whether they want to be remembered as climate change tyrants or pioneers.
The author is critical of the Paris climate agreement because

A．it is unfair to those climate-vulnerable nations
B．it aims to keep temperature rise below 2℃ only
C．it is beneficial to only fewer than 4% of countries
D．it burdens developed countries with the sole responsibility

参考答案A

解析:全文翻译
去年十二月签订的《巴黎气候协议》预示着气候行动的一个新时代。世界各国首次同意将全球变暖控制在2℃以下。
这对于一些易受气候变化影响的国家至关重要。全球超过一半的温室气体是由不到4％的国家排放出来的。在《自然科学报告》发表的一项研究中，我们揭示出这种不公平是如何产生深刻影响的。
(47)澳大利亚、美国、加拿大和欧洲的发达国家实质上是气候的“免费搭便车者”：通过大量的温室气体排放造成大部分问题，而遭受到的气候对食品和水源的影响却并不多。换言之，有些国家正从矿物燃料消费中受益巨大，同时又不成比例地造成气候变化的全球性负荷。
(48-1)另一方面，存在着很多“被迫上车的乘客”：尽管在气候变化问题上没有什么责任，却因此遭受影响。世界最易受气候变化影响的国家中，大部分是非洲国家或一些小岛国，它们只产生很少量的排放。(48-2)这有点像是一位从不抽烟的人因为吸入二手烟而罹患癌症，而老烟枪却很幸运地身体健康地抽着烟。
(46)《巴黎气候协议》作为全球各国解决气候变化问题的积极举措，一直受到广泛欢迎，尽管其针对“气候公平”的细节最多可以说是较为粗略。
将全球气温升高控制在2℃“以下”值得肯定，但是各国为巴黎会谈而提交的减排承诺却很可能会有负众望。
超过一千亿美元的资金摆上桌面，来支持发展中国家减排。但是，协议明确指出在减排责任上，发达国家和发展中国家之间没有正式的区别，这显然忽视了既往的排放情况。(49)关于资金的提供者，尤为重要的是谁应为他们的准备金负责，协议中细节不足。确保这些资金，并且明确资金筹集的负责者，对于易受气候变化影响的国家的未来也是至关重要的。
世界上最易受气候影响的国家对于引发这种全球性疾病的责任较小，但却受害最大。(50)如果我们想在实现各国减排的同时帮助最易受损的国家适应气候变化，急需有效地启动协议中提出的这些政策。
而这一点很明显要取决于当代这些高排放国家的领导人在气候变化问题上想要以何种面目为世人牢记：是独裁者还是先。驱者。
详解详析
由题干中的critical和Paris climate agreement定位到文章第五段：The Paris agreement has been widely hailed as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all，although the details on addressing“climate justice”call be best described as sketchy．
事实细节题。文章开篇引出了《巴黎气候协议》这个话题，但在第二段和第三、四段重点分析了世界上目前存在的气候问题上的不公平。第五段前半句说到《巴黎气候协议》广受好评，但后半句话锋一转，指出它在“气候公平”问题上没有足够的针对性，所以这对于易受气候影响的国家还是不够公平，故答案为A.。
B.“它仅仅将目标定为将温度升高控制在2℃以下”，从第一段的相关内容可以看出作者对于提出这个目标是持认可态度的，并没有批评的意思，可以排除；C.“它只能让不到4％的国家受益”，作者在第二段中提到少于4％的国家应为过半数的二氧化碳排放负责，但并没有说《巴黎气候协议》只能让这些国家受益，可以排除；D.“它让发达国家担负唯一的责任”，从第六段可以看出，世界各国都要提交自己的减排计划，并非只让发达国家负责，故D.与原文意思不符，可以排除。

点击查看答案进入在线模考

你可能喜欢

单选题Why does the author call some developed countries climate "free-riders"?

A．They needn't worry about the food and water they consume.
B．They are better able to cope with the global climate change.
C．They hardly pay anything for the problems they have caused.
D．They are free from the greenhouse effects affecting "forced riders".

点击查看答案进入在线模考

单选题 Why does the author compare the "forced riders" to second-hand smokers?

A．They have little responsibility for public health problems.
B．They are vulnerable to unhealthy environmental conditions.
C．They have to bear consequences they are not responsible for.
D．They are unaware of the potential risks they are confronting.

点击查看答案进入在线模考

单选题What does the author say about the $100 billion funding?

A．It will motivate all nations to reduce carbon emissions.
B．There is no final agreement on where it will come from.
C．There is no clarification of how the money will be spent.
D．It will effectively reduce greenhouse emissions worldwide.

点击查看答案进入在线模考

hot热门搜索

你可能喜欢

延伸阅读