Questions are based on the following passage. Aimlessness has ha-考呗网题库移动版

单选题Questions are based on the following passage.
Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hard working and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don't know where they should go next.
The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the ten other countries surveyed.
While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. "Those things that do not show up in the test scores personality, ability, courage or humanity are completely ignored," says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the Liberal Democratic Party education committee. "Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild. " Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the pre-war emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War Ⅱ had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents. "
But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles. "In Japan," says educator Yoko Muro, "it's never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure." With economic growth has come centralization (集中); fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households. Urban Japanese have long endured length commutes (travels to and from work.and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by
nearly one-quarter.
Compared with people a decade ago, Japanese nowadays

A．are less likely to observe conventional ideas on working
B．tend to work harder for themselves than for a company
C．are more clear about what they should do in their lives
D．are always confused by the western standard on hard working

参考答案A

解析:【参考译文】
战后日本的生产率及社会和谐皆为美国和欧洲所称羡，因此很难说迷茫是战后日本的典型特征。[46]但是，日本人正在经历传统工作道德价值观的日趋下降。l0年前，日本年轻人工作勤奋，将工作视为他们存在的主要理由，但现在，日本在很大程度上已经满足了其经济需求，年轻人却不知道他们下一步的目标在哪里。
[47]战后生育高峰期的到来及妇女进入男性主宰的就业市场，这些都限制了青少年的发展机遇，而这些青少年已经开始质疑在为了进好学校学习和找好工作而攀登日本等级森严的社会阶梯的过程中所做出的巨大的个人牺牲是否值得。最近一次调查发现，只有24．5％的日本学生对学校生活完全满意，而美国有67．2％的学生满足于校园生活。此外，与被调查的其他l0个国家的工人相比，对自身工作表示不满的日本工人要多得多。
[ 48]虽然日本的教育因强调基础知识而经常受到外国人的赞扬，但是它往往强调应试和机械学习而忽视创造性和自我表达。“在考分中得不到体现的那些东西——个性、能力、勇气或人性——完全被忽视了。”自民党教育委员会主席海部俊树说，“由此产生的受挫感致使孩子辍学，狂妄不羁。”去年，日本发生了2125起校园暴力事件，其中包括929起袭击教师事件。在一片抗议声中，许多保守党领导人正在力图恢复战前对道德教育的强调。[49]去年，时任教育大臣的濑户光夫就提出责难，他认为二战后美国占领军队官方所引进的自由改革削弱了“日本人尊敬父母的道德观”。
[50]但是，那也许与日本人的生活方式关系更大。教育家牟娄洋子说：“在日本，问题绝对不是你是否喜欢自己的工作和生活，而仅仅是你能承受多大的负荷。”随着经济的发展，居住集中化了。1．19亿日本人中，至少有76％住在城市。城市中那种社区和几世同堂的大家庭已经成为过去，取而代之的是单门独户的两代之家。城市里的日本人长期忍受着漫长的通勤路程和拥挤不堪的居住条件，但随着原来的群体、家庭道德观的削弱，一些令人担忧的结果开始显现出来了。在过去10年中，日本的离婚率尽管仍远远低于美国，已经上升了超过50％，而自杀率则上升了近25％。
【答案解析】
定位：根据题干信息词a decade ago定位到第一段第二、1三句。
解析：第二句指出： “但是，日本人正在经历传统工作道德价值观的日趋下降。”而后第三句提出“l0年前，日本年轻人工作勤奋……”，由此可见，第二、三句是将l0年前的日本人和现在的日本人进行对比，A项(越来越不遵从传统的工作观念)中的are less likely与文中a decline对应，符合文意，故为答案。

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单选题 According to the passage, Japanese teenagers

A．are more interested in studying in the U.S. than in other countries
B．are not sure about whether their personal sacrifices are worth the effort
C．take personal sacrifices as a burden for individual development
D．are eager to graduate from school and hunt for a good job

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单选题In Toshiki Kaifu's opinion, Japanese education

A．should reinforce the basic aspects of education
B．aims to eliminate the root of campus violence
C．has failed in nurturing kids' moral virtues
D．should undergo a complete reform on morals

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单选题It can be inferred that Mitsuo Setoyama

A．thinks it necessary to stick to liberal reforms
B．advocates conservative ideas on social reforms
C．is not satisfied with the present education ideals
D．regards the respect for parents as the core of education

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