In the passage, the author mainly discusses_________

单选题
In the passage, the author mainly discusses__________

A．how parents should bring up their children
B．how family background influences schooling
C．what the greatest barrier to social mobility is
D．various classes educate kids differently

参考答案B

解析:
定位:由题干可知本题考查主旨大意，需从全文出发进行解答。
详解:主旨大意题。本文第一段提到，在美国最重要的差别是阶级，不是种族，而这种差别影响最大的地方是家庭；第二段具体阐述家庭的差别，即非婚生子女，然后接着总结：阶层差异拉大了，而种族差异缩小了；接下来的四段提到，不同阶层的家庭给孩子提供的家庭影响、机遇和教育方式均有不同，并由此影响到孩子在学校的成绩。可见，作者讨论的重点在于“家庭背景对学业的影响”，故答案为B.。A．“父母应该怎样养育孩子”，文中只提到不同阶层父母的养育方式存在差别，没有提及应该怎样教育孩子，故可排除；C.“社会流动性最大的障碍是什么”，第四段提到贫困家庭的教育方式阻碍了社会流动，但没有提到这是社会流动性最大的障碍，故可排除；D.“不同阶层教育孩子的方式大相径庭”，文章重点讨论了不同家庭背景对孩子教育的影响，而具体各阶层如何教育孩子并没有论及，故可排除。

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单选题 Questions are based on the following passage.
Everyone arriving at a hospital's emergency room ( ER)' wishes to be seen quickly, but for stroke patients it can be a matter of life or death．The most common stroke involves a blood clot blocking vessels in the brain, killing brain cells nearby almost immediately．Luckily, an effective treatment exists．Thrombolytic (溶解血栓的) therapy uses drugs to dissolve the clot and restore the flow of blood．If started within a couple of hours of a stroke occurring, it can limit brain damage and reduce long-term disability．Neurologists even have a catchphrase for this: "time is brain".
Understandably, hospitals strive to identify stroke cases and administer such medication without delay．A key step is using a computed tomography (CT) scanner to ensure that there has been no bleeding in the brain, in which case thrombolytic drugs would make things worse．The last couple of decades have seen many innovations in reducing this "time to CT".
But in shaving seconds from medical procedures, researchers may have neglected something more important:, the human element．Gal Ifergane, a neurologist at Soroka University Medical Centre in southern Israel, noticed that stroke patients who were accompanied to the ER by friends or family seemed to fare better than those who arrived alone．So for 15 months, ER staff at Soroka recorded the number of companions escorting each stroke sufferer, over 700 in all, and tracked their progress.
The results, recently published in Medicine, tell a striking story．Stroke victims arriving with someone were more than twice as likely to be correctly diagnosed by the triage nurse, and had their CT scans performed earlier．Patients eligible for clot-busting medication also received it much faster if accompanied, although their numbers were too few for the researchers to be sure it was because they had company．The differences were far from trivial．Patients with one companion had CT scans an average of 15 minutes sooner than those unaccompanied．A second companion shaved a further 20 minutes off the walt, although three or more companions did not confer any additional benefit.
Dr．ffergane did not record who the companions were, however, or how they were able to reduce delays．He believes that it is probably a combination of focusing the attention of clinical staff on their loved ones, and providing basic care such as helping to move patients into bed.
Dr．ffergane admits that his study has limitations．The sample size was rather small and his findings may reflect cultural norms in Israel that do not apply elsewhere．But he has already tried to make changes in the way the Soroka University Medical Centre operates．"We asked our security team to allow two people to come in with stroke patients rather than just one," he says．"And we now consider stroke patients who are coming alone as a group at risk．"
Dr．Ifergane also recommends that ERs provide a friendly "stroke liaison" to accompany lone patients during the diagnostic and treatment processes．Something other hospitals might think about, too.
What does the author mean by "time is brain" ?

A．Time is almost as precious as brain.
B．Brain damage should be repaired soon.
C．Doctors need time to study brain.
D．Stroke need to be treated in the shortest time..

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单选题
Which of the following statements is true about "time to CT" ?

A．It helps to make accurate diagnoses.
B．It is significant to lives of stroke patients.
C．It may simplify the medical procedures.
D．It is often neglected by the researchers.

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单选题
What is Dr．Ifergane's finding about the human element?

A．Medical staff gave priority to accompanied patients.
B．Patients received clot-busting quicker because of company.
C．Two companies may maximally reduce the "time to CT".
D．Companies can partially replace the work of clinical staff.

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